Watching your child experience the physical and emotional pain of bullying or cyberbullying is heartbreaking. Some parents are unsure where to begin to help protect their children from bullying and violence. Others may not know if their children are victims, bystanders, or even perpetrators of harmful behaviors. In this article, you will learn some tips on how to navigate bullying with your children.

What is bullying?

You can usually identify bullying through the following three characteristics: intent, repetition, and power. A person who bullies intends to cause pain, either through physical harm or hurtful words or behavior and does so repeatedly. Boys are more likely to experience physical bullying, while girls are more likely to experience psychological bullying. Bullying is a pattern of behavior rather than an isolated incident.

The most vulnerable children face a higher risk of being bullied. These are often children from marginalized communities, children with disabilities, or foreign children. 

Bullying can happen both in person and online. Cyberbullying often occurs over social media, SMS/text or instant message, email, or any online platform where children interact. Because parents may not always follow what their children are doing on these platforms, it can be difficult to know when your child is affected. Thus, it is important to learn about how to protect your child from technology here. 

Why should I intervene if my child is being bullied?

Bullying can have harmful and long-lasting consequences for children. Besides the physical effects of bullying, children may experience emotional and mental health problems, including depression and anxiety, that can lead to decreased performance in school.

Unlike in-person bullying, cyberbullying can reach a victim anywhere, at any moment. It can cause profound harm, as it can quickly reach a wide audience and leave a permanent footprint online for all involved.

Your child has the right to a safe, nurturing school environment that respects their dignity. All children have the right to an education, and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse. Bullying is no exception.

 

How can I help prevent bullying?

The first step to keeping your child safe, whether in-person or online, is making sure they know the issue. 

1. Educate your children about bullying

Once they know what bullying is, your children will be able to identify it more easily, whether it is happening to them or someone else. 

2. Talk openly and frequently to your children

The more you talk to your children about bullying, the more comfortable they will be telling you if they see or experience it. Check-in with your children daily and ask about their time at school and their activities online, inquiring not only about their classes and activities but also about their feelings.

3. Help your child be a positive role model

There are three parties to bullying: the victim, the perpetrator, and the bystander. Even if children are not victims of bullying, they can prevent bullying by being inclusive, respectful, and kind to their peers. If they witness bullying, they can stick up for the victim, offer support, and/or question bullying behaviors.

4. Help build your child’s self-confidence

Encourage your child to enroll in classes or join activities they love in your community. This will also help build confidence as well as a group of friends with shared interests.

5. Be a role model 

Show your child how to treat other children and adults with kindness and respect by doing the same to the people around you, including speaking up when others are being mistreated. Children look to their parents as examples of how to behave, including what to post online. 

6. Be part of their online experience 

Familiarize yourself with the platforms your child uses, explain to your child how the online and offline worlds are connected, and warn them about the different risks they’ll face online.

I’m not sure if my child is being bullied. What signs should I look out for?

Keep an eye on your child's emotional state, as some children may not express their concerns verbally. Signs to look out for include:

  • Physical marks such as unexplained bruises, scratches, broken bones and healing wounds 
  • Fear of going to school or joining school events
  • Being anxious, nervous, or very vigilant
  • Having few friends in school or outside of school
  • Losing friends suddenly or avoiding social situations
  • Clothing, electronics, or other personal belongings being lost or destroyed
  • Often asking for money
  • Low academic performance
  • Absenteeism, or calling from school asking to go home
  • Trying to stay near adults
  • Not sleeping well and may be having nightmares
  • Complaining of headaches, stomach aches or other physical ailments
  • Regularly distressed after spending time online or on their phone (without a reasonable explanation)
  • Becomes unusually secretive, especially when it comes to online activities
  • Being aggressive or having angry outbursts

Talk to your children about what they think is good and bad behavior in school, in the community, and online. It is important to have open communication so that your children will feel comfortable telling you about what is happening in their lives.

What should I do if my child is being bullied or threatened?

If you know your child is being bullied, there are several steps you can take to help:

1. Listen to your child openly and calmly

Focus on making them feel heard and supported instead of trying to find the cause of the bullying or trying to solve the problem. Make sure they know that it is not their fault. 

2. Reassurance your child

Tell the child that you believe them, that you are glad they told you, that it is not their fault, and that you will do your best to find help. 

3. Talk to the teacher or school 

You and your child do not have to face bullying alone. Ask if your school has a bullying policy or code of conduct. This may apply to both in-person bullying and online bullying.

4. Be a support system

For your child, having a supportive parent is essential to dealing with the effects of bullying. Make sure they know they can talk to you at any time and reassure them that things will get better. 

What can I do if my child is bullying others?

If you think or know that your child is bullying other children, it is important to remember that they are not inherently bad but may be acting out for several reasons. Children who bully often just want to fit in, need attention, or are simply figuring out how to deal with complicated emotions. In some cases, children who bully are themselves victims or witnesses to violence at home or in their community. There are several steps you should take to help your child stop bullying:

1. Communicate 

Understanding why your child is acting out will help you know how to help them. Are they feeling insecure at school? Are they fighting with a friend or sibling? If they are having trouble explaining their behavior, you may choose to consult with a counselor, social worker, or mental health professional who is trained to work with children. 

2. Work through healthy ways of coping 

Ask your child to explain a scenario that frustrated them and offer constructive ways of reacting. Use this exercise to brainstorm possible future scenarios and non-harmful responses. Encourage your child to “put yourself in their shoes” by imagining the experience of the person being bullied. Remind your child that comments made online still hurt in the real world. 

3. Examine yourself 

Children who bully are often modeling what they see at home. Are they exposed to physically or emotionally harmful behavior from you or another caregiver? Look inward and think honestly about how you are presenting to your child.

4. Give consequences and opportunities to make amends 

If you find out your child has been bullied, it is important to offer appropriate, non-violent consequences. This could be limiting their activities, especially those that encourage bullying (social gatherings, screen/social media time). Encourage your child to apologize to their peers and find ways for them to be more inclusive in the future.